4. 2 平方幻方的构成
当n=2k,(k>2)时,存在平方幻方。现给出构成n=2k,(k>2)阶平方幻方的正交拉丁方A(I,J),B(I,J)的编制方法。
(1)A(I.J)首行数的分布方程:
A(1,J)=2x(J-1) J=1,2,3
…….n/2A(1,J)=2
×(J-1-n/2)+3 J=1+n/2 , 3+n/2, 5+n/2……+(n-1).A(1,J)=2
×(J-2-n/2)+1 J=2+n/2 , 4+n/2, 6+n/2……+n.(2)B(1,J)首行数的分布方程:
B(1,J)=3+4
×(k-1) J=1+4×(k-1) k=1,2,3……n/8。B(1,J)=2+4
×(k-1) J=2+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=n-3-4
×(k-1) J=3+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=n-4
×(k-1) J=4+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=n-1-4
×(k-1) J=1+n/2+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=n-2-4
×(k-1) J=2+n/2+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=1+4
×(k-1) J=3+n/2+4×(k-1)B(1,J)=4+4
×(k-1) J=4+n/2+4×(k-1)
(3) 例:24=16阶A(1,J)首行数的分布:
0.2,4,6,8,10,12,14,3,1,7,5,11,9,15,13.
24=16阶B(1,J)首行数的分布:
3,2,13,16,7,6,9,12,15,14,1,4,11,10,5,8.
(4)构成平方幻方24=16阶 A(I,J),B(I,J)正交拉丁方的编制
A(I,J) 拉丁方 B(I,J)拉丁方|
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16阶平方幻方
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171 |
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230 |
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144 |
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17 |
52 |
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45 |
16 |
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169 |
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231 |
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226 |
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141 |
102 |
71 |
44 |
9 |
222 |
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148 |
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90 |
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24 |
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124 |
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178 |
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256 |
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10 |
43 |
72 |
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142 |
175 |
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197 |
232 |
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65 |
100 |
15 |
46 |
249 |
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150 |
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96 |
51 |
18 |
(5) n=2k (k>5) 时,构成平方幻方A(I,J)拉丁方分布规律:
将方阵分为16区,每区数的分布如下:
|
A1 |
A2 |
A3 |
A4 |
A5 |
A6 |
A7 |
A8 |
|
A6 |
A5 |
A8 |
A7 |
A2 |
A1 |
A4 |
A3 |
因此,只要编出A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8则整个拉丁方A(I,J)即可编成。
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8编法同n=24阶拉丁方
(6) 当2k,(k>4)时,B(I,J)拉丁方分布规律:
将方阵分为32区,每区数的分布如下:
|
B1 |
B2 |
B3 |
B4 |
B5 |
B6 |
B7 |
B8 |
|
-B7 |
-B8 |
-B5 |
-B6 |
-B3 |
-B4 |
-B1 |
-B2 |
|
b3 |
b4 |
b1 |
b2 |
b7 |
b8 |
b5 |
b6 |
|
-b5 |
-b6 |
-b7 |
-b8 |
-b1 |
-b2 |
-b3 |
-b4 |
说明:-B1数的分布为B1的逆向分布。-b1数的分布为b1的逆向分布
将B1数的分布每相邻二列交换位置,即为b1.
如:B1数的分布为1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.则b1数的分布为2,1,4,3,6,5,8,7
因此,只要编出B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B8则整个拉丁方B(I,J)即可编成。
B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B8编法同n=24阶拉丁方。