三,正交拉丁方法构造完美幻方(兼对称)。
(梁培基
2000,3,18来稿)详见,优化幻方的构作(第三篇
幻方佳作)
四,数步法构造完美幻方
(王忠汉2001,1,22 来稿)
数步法有二个要素:密码与步法。以
9阶为例,具体步骤如下:称密码
231456978棗417852396为对称型行列密码,它代表的起点方阵如图1对起点方阵取步法上
1左3棗上3左1,这套步法为关于斜轴的对称步法。上1左3为行步法,起点方阵各数横行时用,自左向右;上3左1为列步法,起点方阵各数竖行时用,自上而下。由此得图2,它是完美幻方。
|
密码 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
步法 |
上 |
1 |
左 |
3 |
|||||
|
4 |
29 |
30 |
28 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
36 |
34 |
35 |
15 |
44 |
64 |
60 |
8 |
28 |
51 |
80 |
19 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
上 |
50 |
79 |
21 |
14 |
43 |
66 |
59 |
7 |
30 |
|
7 |
56 |
57 |
55 |
58 |
59 |
60 |
63 |
61 |
62 |
3 |
58 |
9 |
29 |
49 |
81 |
20 |
13 |
45 |
65 |
|
8 |
65 |
66 |
64 |
67 |
68 |
69 |
72 |
70 |
71 |
10 |
42 |
71 |
55 |
6 |
35 |
46 |
78 |
26 |
|
|
5 |
38 |
39 |
37 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
45 |
43 |
44 |
左 |
48 |
77 |
25 |
12 |
41 |
70 |
57 |
5 |
34 |
|
2 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
18 |
16 |
17 |
1 |
56 |
4 |
36 |
47 |
76 |
27 |
11 |
40 |
72 |
|
3 |
20 |
21 |
19 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
27 |
25 |
26 |
17 |
37 |
69 |
62 |
1 |
33 |
53 |
73 |
24 |
|
|
9 |
74 |
75 |
73 |
76 |
77 |
78 |
81 |
79 |
80 |
52 |
75 |
23 |
16 |
39 |
68 |
61 |
3 |
32 |
|
|
6 |
47 |
48 |
46 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
54 |
52 |
53 |
63 |
2 |
31 |
54 |
74 |
22 |
18 |
38 |
67 |
起点方阵地
图 1 九阶完美幻方 图2以三阶幻方为密码:
|
4 |
9 |
2 |
|
3 |
5 |
7 |
|
8 |
1 |
6 |
|
10 |
14 |
4 |
7 |
5 |
|
3 |
1 |
8 |
15 |
13 |
|
11 |
9 |
12 |
2 |
6 |
其密码为:
10,3,11,14,1,9,4,8,12,7,15,2,5,13,6——0,14,4,7,5,3,1,8,15,13,11,9,12,2,6用数步法构造完美幻方还有梁培基先生。(
2000 ,3,18来稿)作自然方阵(注:起点方阵),列,行序号相同。
2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 7, 8
棗2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 7, 8步法为:同一组填数上
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
|||||||||||
|
2 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
18 |
16 |
17 |
63 |
78 |
50 |
40 |
28 |
3 |
20 |
17 |
70 |
|
|
3 |
20 |
21 |
19 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
27 |
25 |
26 |
49 |
37 |
30 |
2 |
26 |
16 |
72 |
60 |
77 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
29 |
8 |
25 |
18 |
69 |
59 |
76 |
46 |
39 |
|
|
4 |
29 |
30 |
28 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
36 |
34 |
35 |
27 |
15 |
68 |
58 |
73 |
48 |
38 |
35 |
7 |
|
|
5 |
38 |
39 |
37 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
45 |
43 |
44 |
67 |
55 |
75 |
47 |
44 |
34 |
9 |
24 |
14 |
|
|
6 |
47 |
48 |
46 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
54 |
52 |
53 |
74 |
53 |
43 |
36 |
6 |
23 |
13 |
64 |
57 |
|
|
9 |
74 |
75 |
73 |
76 |
77 |
78 |
81 |
79 |
80 |
45 |
33 |
5 |
22 |
10 |
66 |
56 |
80 |
52 |
|
|
7 |
56 |
57 |
55 |
58 |
59 |
60 |
63 |
61 |
62 |
4 |
19 |
12 |
65 |
62 |
79 |
54 |
42 |
32 |
|
|
8 |
65 |
66 |
64 |
67 |
68 |
69 |
72 |
70 |
71 |
11 |
71 |
61 |
81 |
51 |
41 |
31 |
1 |
21 |
|
Z(I,J) H(I,J)当
n=3×k, k≥5自然方阵排列序号由下列方程求得:C=C(3,K) C(I,J)=I+1 I=1,2 J=1 C(3, 1)=1
C(I,J)=3×(J-1)+I I=1, 2, 3, J=2, 4, ….(.K-1)
C(I,J)=3×J-I+1 I=1, 2, 3 J=3, 5, ….(K-2).
C(1, K)=N
C(I,J)=N+I-4 I=1, 2, 3. J=K
例
K=5得:
|
2 |
4 |
9 |
10 |
15 |
|
3 |
5 |
8 |
11 |
13 |
|
1 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
自然方阵行,列序号为:
2,3, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 8, 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 13, 14,